diff --git a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executor.hpp b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executor.hpp
index f6ee2df..edebfeb 100644
--- a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executor.hpp
+++ b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executor.hpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class Executor
 public:
   RCLCPP_MAKE_SHARED_DEFINITIONS(Executor);
 
-  Executor(memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr ms =
+  explicit Executor(memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr ms =
     memory_strategy::create_default_strategy())
   : interrupt_guard_condition_(rmw_create_guard_condition()),
     memory_strategy_(ms)
diff --git a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.hpp b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.hpp
index 40f0c5d..b584d61 100644
--- a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.hpp
+++ b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/multi_threaded_executor.hpp
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ class MultiThreadedExecutor : public executor::Executor
 public:
   RCLCPP_MAKE_SHARED_DEFINITIONS(MultiThreadedExecutor);
 
-  MultiThreadedExecutor()
+  MultiThreadedExecutor(memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr ms =
+    memory_strategy::create_default_strategy()) : executor::Executor(ms)
   {
     number_of_threads_ = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
     if (number_of_threads_ == 0) {
diff --git a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.hpp b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.hpp
index fa8e7e0..1f02424 100644
--- a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.hpp
+++ b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/executors/single_threaded_executor.hpp
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ class SingleThreadedExecutor : public executor::Executor
 public:
   RCLCPP_MAKE_SHARED_DEFINITIONS(SingleThreadedExecutor);
 
-  SingleThreadedExecutor() {}
+  SingleThreadedExecutor(memory_strategy::MemoryStrategy::SharedPtr ms =
+    memory_strategy::create_default_strategy()) : executor::Executor(ms) { }
 
   virtual ~SingleThreadedExecutor() {}
 
diff --git a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/strategies/static_memory_strategy.hpp b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/strategies/static_memory_strategy.hpp
index 627ab1c..d01f4ee 100644
--- a/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/strategies/static_memory_strategy.hpp
+++ b/rclcpp/include/rclcpp/strategies/static_memory_strategy.hpp
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ public:
 
   void ** borrow_handles(HandleType type, size_t number_of_handles)
   {
+    std::cout << "static borrow handles" << std::endl;
     switch (type) {
       case HandleType::subscriber_handle:
         if (number_of_handles > max_subscribers_) {